Brief Communication
Health Sciences
Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
Abstract
Statistical consultation has recently increased in medical and health research. Most medical researchers do not have the time to learn specialist statistical knowledge and abilities in addition to their clinical experience in many medical fields. There have been numerous reports about statistical misuse ...
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Statistical consultation has recently increased in medical and health research. Most medical researchers do not have the time to learn specialist statistical knowledge and abilities in addition to their clinical experience in many medical fields. There have been numerous reports about statistical misuse and errors in published health-care studies. This has raised concerns about the nature of statistical consultation. The role of biostatisticians in health research is unclear. This study discusses several aspects of statistical consultation, such as definition, the consultant's essential knowledge and skills, the structures of a successful consultation, and the ethical roles of both statistician and researcher. The purpose of this article is to educate scholars about statistical consultancy.
Original Article
COVID-19
Mohammed Wasim; Sheethal Kuriakose
Abstract
Background: The global prevalence of lengthy COVID among youth remains unknown, demanding a thorough investigation of symptoms and post-COVID quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify these symptoms and assess their quality of life.Methods: A census approach was used to poll 264 people ...
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Background: The global prevalence of lengthy COVID among youth remains unknown, demanding a thorough investigation of symptoms and post-COVID quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify these symptoms and assess their quality of life.Methods: A census approach was used to poll 264 people in Bengaluru, India. Demographic information, COVID symptoms, and SF-36 questionnaire responses were gathered. Using ICD-10-CM codes, symptoms were detected, and statistical analyses were done.Results: Long COVID symptoms were found in 43.2% of subjects, with 23.5% experiencing Ongoing COVID-19 Symptoms (OCS) and 15.9% experiencing post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS). Gender differences in symptom patterns were discovered. Males had a higher incidence of pain (p =.0005), whereas females had a higher incidence of hair loss (p = 0.00009), headaches (p = 0.02), and irregular periods (16.2%). The duration of symptoms ranged from less than one month (46.6%) to more than five months (10.2%). In the Quality-of-Life assessment, mental health was the most affected domain.Conclusion: This study found a considerable prevalence of extended COVID in youth that lasted more than 5 months after recovery. The impact on quality of life is significant, highlighting the critical need for standardized post-COVID care strategies. The findings of this study contribute to a better knowledge of the changing landscape of extended COVID, suggesting sustained attention and specific therapies.
Original Article
Health Sciences
Haruna Umar Yahaya; Mohammed Tanimu; Olisaemeka Obi
Abstract
Background: Despite efforts to improve road safety, Nigeria continues to have a high number of traffic crashes and fatalities. This has contributed to Nigeria's death rates. The study aimed to model and anticipate the trend of road traffic collisions and fatalities in Nigeria. Methods: The ...
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Background: Despite efforts to improve road safety, Nigeria continues to have a high number of traffic crashes and fatalities. This has contributed to Nigeria's death rates. The study aimed to model and anticipate the trend of road traffic collisions and fatalities in Nigeria. Methods: The study employed a descriptive retrospective approach to examine the trend of road traffic crashes and their associated fatalities in Nigeria. The study used secondary data from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) database spanning sixty years, from 1960 to 2020. Results: Between 1960 and 2020, Nigeria had an average of 19014 road traffic collisions and 6104 fatalities. The number of road traffic crashes in Nigeria increased from 1961 (10963) to 1976 (40881), then began to fall to (9694) in 2020, although road traffic fatalities continue to rise somewhat. The ARIMA (1,1,0) and Random walk models were shown to be the best fitted time series models for predicting the number of crashes and associated fatalities. Conclusion: Trend analysis in road traffic accidents remains an important component of ongoing efforts to minimize fatalities and injuries while promoting safer and more sustainable transportation systems. This study will investigate and synthesize current trends in road traffic accidents and fatalities, giving light on the factors that influence the road safety landscape.
Review
Health Sciences
Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
Abstract
Background: Human Wellbeing (HWB) is synonymous with health and should be included when assessing health status at the individual and community levels.Methods: In this narrative literature review, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for published full-text English publications and websites that included ...
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Background: Human Wellbeing (HWB) is synonymous with health and should be included when assessing health status at the individual and community levels.Methods: In this narrative literature review, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for published full-text English publications and websites that included the keywords wellbeing, definition, types, measurement, and importance. All collected literature was evaluated for inclusion in the review. The most relevant articles were selected.Results: This overview outlines the various definitions of HWB and associated concepts. The aspects and public health benefits of well-being (WB) were discussed. The many tools used to measure HWB were listed. Finally, the public health concerns associated with WB were described.Conclusion: There is a need for effective collaboration among public health specialists, psychologists, sociologists, and physicians to operationally define the various socially and culturally relevant terminology associated with WB, which should be considered more than the absence of disease.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Satvinder K Dhaliwal; Dana Dabelea; Angela E Lee-Winn; Deborah H Glueck; Greta Wilkening; Wei Perng
Abstract
Background: In utero exposure to increased inflammation caused by acute experiences may negatively impact on child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of low-grade chronic inflammation. We wanted to investigate prenatal inflammation, as indicated by biomarkers of low-grade chronic ...
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Background: In utero exposure to increased inflammation caused by acute experiences may negatively impact on child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of low-grade chronic inflammation. We wanted to investigate prenatal inflammation, as indicated by biomarkers of low-grade chronic inflammation, as an in utero programming method for neurodevelopment, and see how much of these associations are explained by perinatal factors. Methods: We utilized linear regression to analyze the relationship between prenatal C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and offspring Child Behavior Check List scores for total problems, externalizing and internalizing behaviors in 489 mother-offspring pairs from the Healthy Start cohort, based in Denver, Colorado, USA. We made sequential adjustments for perinatal correlates. Model 1 considered maternal age, gestational age at blood draw, and child age. Model 2 included further adjustments for mother race/ethnicity, followed by household income in Model 3 and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in Model 4. Finally, we used the maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale scores as measures of psychosocial stress. Results: In Model 1, children of mothers with C-reactive protein in the fourth quartile had a 3.82 (95% CI: 0.94, 6.70) unit higher t-score for total problems compared to those in the first to third quartiles. The inclusion of household income and pre-pregnancy BMI in the fully adjusted model reduced the impact estimate to 3.11 (-0.45, 6.67). We found a similar pattern in externalizing behavior and across models for interleukin 6. Conclusions: Maternal inflammation is associated with worse neurobehavioral outcomes in children. This association was influenced by higher pre-pregnancy BMI and lower household income.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Kyosuke Ono; Katsuaki Kikuchi
Abstract
Background: It is extremely important to use existing data to study the transition of infection and removal rates, as well as the influence of vaccination, in the major epidemic waves 6, 7, and 8 in Tokyo, and to develop an effective countermeasure to suppress the epidemic. Methods: We developed ...
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Background: It is extremely important to use existing data to study the transition of infection and removal rates, as well as the influence of vaccination, in the major epidemic waves 6, 7, and 8 in Tokyo, and to develop an effective countermeasure to suppress the epidemic. Methods: We developed a new IR model of the epidemic in which I and R comprise both symptomatic and exposed individuals. Based on this model, numerical methods were developed to calculate infection and clearance rates, as well as the vaccine effect. To minimize the maximum number of daily positives Rd, we developed a mechanism for controlling the number of people examined T based on the Rd rate. Results: The transitions between epidemic waves 6 and 8, as well as the overall vaccination effect in reducing infection rates, were clarified. Using the measured link between removal rate and tested individuals, the suppressive impact of T control was recreated for waves 6 to 8. As a result, wave 6 showed a significant drop in the maximum Rd from one tenth to one half of the actual data. Although the test system was greatly reinforced in waves 7 and 8, the T control was still able to cut the maximum Rd in half when implemented within 10 days of the epidemic waves' onset. Conclusion: The novel IR theory, the calculation method for predicting infection and removal rates, and the T control will all give formidable instruments for future epidemic suppression.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Mohammed Tanimu; Emem Victor Umanah; Haruna Umar Yahaya
Abstract
This study presents a thorough analysis of family planning methods and forecasting models using data from the Family Health Care Clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. The study reveals a significant variation in the usage of modern family planning methods. Notably, male condoms exhibit a wide range of usage patterns, ...
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This study presents a thorough analysis of family planning methods and forecasting models using data from the Family Health Care Clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. The study reveals a significant variation in the usage of modern family planning methods. Notably, male condoms exhibit a wide range of usage patterns, as indicated by their relatively high standard deviation (624.657). Female condoms, on the other hand, demonstrate the highest coefficient of variation (CV) at 90.44%, suggesting the greatest relative variation among the methods. Skewness and kurtosis measurements reveal distinct usage patterns, with injectables and intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) displaying right-skewed and heavy-tailed distributions. In contrast, female condoms and implants exhibit negatively skewed and light-tailed distributions. The study highlights that the exclusive use of condoms by males surpasses all female family health care methods practiced during the study period, albeit showing a declining trend with seasonal variations. The Model (N), an ARIMA(1,0,2)x(2,1,2)12 model, emerges as the most accurate forecasting model during the estimation period with P-values indicating their statistical significance, and also exhibiting the lowest RMSE, MAE, MAPE, AIC, HQC, and SBIC values, and a negative MPE. This suggests that it provides the most precise predictions while maintaining relative simplicity. These findings hold significant implications for family planning programs and healthcare decision-making in Abuja, Nigeria.
