Original Article
COVID-19
Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
Abstract
Vaccination has offered the hope of restoring life to pre-COVID-19 normalcy. However, new COVID-19 cases have continued to emerge and have increased in certain regions even with increasing vaccination coverage. This study aims to explore the correlations between daily COVID-19 case fatality rates, vaccination ...
Read More
Vaccination has offered the hope of restoring life to pre-COVID-19 normalcy. However, new COVID-19 cases have continued to emerge and have increased in certain regions even with increasing vaccination coverage. This study aims to explore the correlations between daily COVID-19 case fatality rates, vaccination coverage as well as daily new cases and deaths of COVID-19 in Malaysia. It aims to compare the pre- and post-vaccination COVID-19 case fatality rates and examine if any difference between the rates is statistically significant. It also aims to identify the main predictors of COVID-19 case fatality rates. This study obtained the data of daily new cases and deaths of COVID-19, as well as the daily vaccination coverage in Malaysia from official platforms and government offices for non-parametric statistical analysis. It explored the Spearman’s correlations between daily COVID-19 case fatality rates, daily new COVID-19 cases and deaths as well as the vaccination coverage in Malaysia. It examined the difference in the pre- and post-vaccination daily COVID-19 case fatality rates with Mann-Whitney U Test. It constructed a multiple regression model to identify the significant predictors of the daily case fatality rates. This study shows that daily COVID-19 case fatality rates are positively correlated with daily new COVID-19 cases and deaths, and vaccination coverage. It reveals that post-vaccination case fatality rates are lower than pre-vaccination and the difference is statistically significant. People fully vaccinated per 100 population is a significant predictor of the decline of daily case fatality rates.
Original Article
Cancer Screening
Fatih Kara; Bekir Keskinkilic; Murat Turkyilmaz; Fahriye Unlu; Selin Dundar; Erkin Aribal; Serap Gultekin; Aysenur Oktay
Abstract
Introduction: In Turkey, a population-based breast cancer screening program for women aged 40 to 69 years old was recently introduced. The goal of this study was to document early outcomes and assess the program's success.Method: This study looked at the 348,638 women who were screened in 2016. For end ...
Read More
Introduction: In Turkey, a population-based breast cancer screening program for women aged 40 to 69 years old was recently introduced. The goal of this study was to document early outcomes and assess the program's success.Method: This study looked at the 348,638 women who were screened in 2016. For end results, all data was gathered from the national centralized reporting system and the Cancer Registry database. For benign discoveries, Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 1-2 were applied, and for recalls, BI-RADS 0, 4, or 5 were utilized, depending on the level of suspicion. The study looked at the age distribution, recall rate, cancer detection, and interval cancer rates. The stages of identified malignancies were examined and compared to those of the nonscreened group throughout the same time frame.Results: In the screening population, 43.2 percent of women were between the ages of 40 and 49, and 56.8% were between the ages of 50 and 69. The age range of 50–69 was responsible for 70% of screen-detected malignancies. The total recall rate (n = 19,607) was 5.6 percent. The malignancy rate for BI-RADS 5 recalls was 70.2 percent, 19.2 percent for BI-RADS 4, and 1.7 percent for BI-RADS 0 recalls. Screen-discovered malignancies were detected at a rate of 3.2 per 1000 screening exams (n = 1,120). When compared to the Non screened group, the screened group had a larger percentage of early-stage illness (54.3%). (46.7 percent). Interval cancers were discovered in 231 women (0.66 per 1000 screened women).Conclusion: Turkey's recently launched population-based breast cancer screening program appears to be viable and successful, according to preliminary results. According to this study, the breast cancer screening program should be sustained, with coverage of the target group rising.
