Original Article
Behavioral Health
Mojtaba Senmar; Mohammad Reza Mostafaei; Ali Razaghpoor; Fateme Yousefi; Razie Alipour; Hossein Rafiei
Abstract
Background: Euthanasia and its related factors are addressed as an important ethical issue in end-of-life care nursing. It's an illegal issue in Iran. This study aimed to examine the attitude towards euthanasia in nursing students, and its relationship with their personal beliefs’ level.Methods: ...
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Background: Euthanasia and its related factors are addressed as an important ethical issue in end-of-life care nursing. It's an illegal issue in Iran. This study aimed to examine the attitude towards euthanasia in nursing students, and its relationship with their personal beliefs’ level.Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in Qazvin during the education year of 2017-2018. The samples of this study consisted of 121 nursing students who were studying at the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences for more than two semesters. The Euthanasia Attitude Scale and Palutzian and Ellison Spiritual Wellbeing Scale were used for the data collection.Results: The response rate was 73.3% (121 of 165 nursing students). All of nursing students in the present study were Muslim. The mean overall scores of attitudes towards euthanasia and spiritual wellbeing were 60.24±9.82 and 75.73±7.48, respectively. No significant relationship was found between attitude towards euthanasia and personal beliefs among them (p=0.204).Conclusion: Iranian nursing students reported a relatively neutral attitude towards euthanasia which is mainly related to its legal issue in Iran. Also, no significant relationship was observed between attitude towards euthanasia and personal beliefs among the participants. Further studies are needed in this regard.
Review
Pharmacoepidemiology
Kourosh Zali
Abstract
The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the best interventional design to assess issues related to treatment and prevention. The RCTs can have different designs including superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority design. A superiority trial aims to detect the potential superiority of new ...
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The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the best interventional design to assess issues related to treatment and prevention. The RCTs can have different designs including superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority design. A superiority trial aims to detect the potential superiority of new therapy compared to an active comparator or a placebo, an equivalence trial tends to demonstrate that a new therapy is an equivalent (within margins) to its active comparator, and a non-inferiority trial (NIT) is going to show that the new therapy is not worse than the comparator, as a typical active drug. Increasingly, major trials are conducted to see if the efficacy of a new treatment is as good as a standard treatment. The new treatment usually has some other advantages (e.g., fewer side effects, ease of administration, lower cost), making it worthwhile to demonstrate non-inferiority in respect to efficacy. Thus, NIT is going to determine whether a new treatment is not worse than a reference treatment by more than an acceptable amount. Among the challenges of NITs compared with superiority, trials are the choices of the non-inferiority margin (NIM), the primary population for analysis, and the comparator treatment considering several choices for the comparator arm in an NIT. This article is going to review the current knowledge about NIM.
Review
Nursing
Parisa Fathizadeh; Haydeh Heidari; Reza Masoudi; Morteza Sedehi; Feridoun Khajeali
Abstract
Introduction: Tele-nursing is a modern way of promoting quality of nursing care, treatment outcome, reducing medical costs and the need for visits, patient and family involvement in decision making, and careful patient monitoring by using all kinds of technologies. The aim of this article was to determine ...
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Introduction: Tele-nursing is a modern way of promoting quality of nursing care, treatment outcome, reducing medical costs and the need for visits, patient and family involvement in decision making, and careful patient monitoring by using all kinds of technologies. The aim of this article was to determine the most popular methods and related reasons for their common use in Iran.Methods: In this narrative literature review, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, and Nindex were searched for full texts of Iranian studies published in English or Persian by using the descriptors of Tele-nursing, MHealth, nursing care, Telecare, and follow-up with phone calls between 2010 and 2020. The search found 472 articles and after considering the eligibility of articles, 56 articles were included.Results: The review found that 74% of papers reported the telephone as the first common method for tele-nursing. The second popular method was short message service (SMS) followed by internet and smartphone software.Conclusion: Tele-nursing includes many methods that nurses can use for distance nursing care which is not limited to telephone or SMS. In Iran, about 68 million people have a smartphone and have access to the internet. Nurses can use this potential capacity to improve nursing care.
Original Article
Molecular Epidemiology
Farshad Kakian; Mohammad hoseein Rezaei; Masoud Amiri; saeid janabadi; behnam zamanzad; Abolfazle gholipour; Kourosh Naderi
Abstract
Background and aim: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) and Imipenemase (IMP)-producing Klebsiella isolates in ...
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Background and aim: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) and Imipenemase (IMP)-producing Klebsiella isolates in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in an educational hospitalin Shahrekord, in the center of Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, from 234 urine samples, 80 isolates of Klebsiella were identified with biochemical tests. In order to determine the production of Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), Modified Hodge Test (MHT), EDTA Disc Synergy (EDS) test and AmpC disc test were performed. The frequency of VIM and IMP genes was determined after DNA-amplification with PCR by electrophoresis technique. Thereby, 16SrRNA was considered as an internal control in PCR.Results: Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 80 isolates, 18 (22. 5%), 18 (22. 5%) and 10 (12.5%) isolates were positive for MHT, EDS and AmpC disc test, respectively. Following DNA amplification by PCR, the genes of interest were analyzed by electrophoresis technique. The findings were as follows: 22 isolates (27.5%) carried the VIM gene, but the IMP gene was not found in any of the isolates. Conclusions: Expansion of Klebsiella strains that produce MBLs is a severe threat to health centers and public health. The findings of this study showed that Klebsiella may produce MBLs. These enzymes can in turn degrade carbapenem antibiotics, which are considered as a last resort in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections.
Case-Report
Clinical Epidemiology
Hossein Rafiei
Abstract
The occurrence of pressure ulcers can be problematic for patients and health care systems. A medical device-related pressure ulcer (MDRPU) is considered as one of the important indicators of patient safety assessment as well as the quality of care provided to the patient. This case report concerns a ...
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The occurrence of pressure ulcers can be problematic for patients and health care systems. A medical device-related pressure ulcer (MDRPU) is considered as one of the important indicators of patient safety assessment as well as the quality of care provided to the patient. This case report concerns a 54-year-old male patient, who was admitted to the cardiac unit of a hospital. The patient developed stage II pressure ulcers due to the connection of a nonstandard probe of the electrocardiogram to its chest. Nurses had not taken any action to treat the patient’s ulcers. To improve this matter, necessary measures such as training courses should be considered by the officials and healthcare planners. Apart from this, to prevent the development of MDRPUs in the future, it is of great importance to pay special attention to the probes that are being used for the recording of an ECG.
